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Brain Cells' Multitasking - Key To Understanding Overall Brain Function
Date: Mar-08-2013A region of the brain known to play a key role in visual and spatial processing has a parallel function: sorting visual information into categories, according to a new study by researchers at the University of Chicago. Primates are known to have a remarkable ability to place visual stimuli into familiar and meaningful categories, such as fruit or vegetables. They can also direct their spatial attention to different locations in a scene and make spatially-targeted movements, such as reaching...
The Workings Of The Brain's 'GPS System' Discovered
Date: Mar-08-2013Just as a global posiÂtionÂing sysÂtem (GPS) helps find your locaÂtion, the brain has an interÂnal sysÂtem for helpÂing deterÂmine the body's locaÂtion as it moves through its surroundings. A new study from researchers at PrinceÂton UniÂverÂsity proÂvides eviÂdence for how the brain perÂforms this feat...
Why Bacteria Are Becoming Increasingly More Resistant To Antibiotics: A New Hypothesis
Date: Mar-08-2013A University of Granada researcher has formulated a new hypothesis concerning an enigma that the scientific community has still not been able to solve and which could revolutionise the pharmaceutical industry: Why are bacteria becoming increasingly more resistant to antibiotics? His work has revealed that the use of antibiotics can even cause non-resistant bacteria to become resistant because they take up the DNA of others that are already resistant...
Resistance Report Released By The American Academy Of Microbiology
Date: Mar-08-2013What do cancer cells, weeds, and pathogens have in common? They all evolve resistance to the treatments that are supposed to eliminate them. However, researchers developing the next generation of antibiotics, herbicides, and anti-cancer therapeutics rarely come together to explore the common evolutionary principles at work across their different biological systems. The new American Academy of Microbiology report "Moving Targets: Fighting Resistance in Infections, Pests, and Cancer" concludes that scientists working on different kinds of treatments have much to learn from each other...
Getting To The Root Of Aggressive Ovarian Cancer
Date: Mar-08-2013Cornell University researchers have discovered a likely origin of epithelial ovarian cancer (ovarian carcinoma), the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Pinpointing where this cancer originates has been difficult because 70 percent of patients are in advanced stages of disease by the time it is detected. Because the origin of ovarian carcinoma development is unknown, early diagnostic tests have so far been unsuccessful...
Promising Results For Patients With Chronic, Treatment Resistant Anorexia Nervosa Given Deep Brain Stimulation
Date: Mar-08-2013In a world first, a team of researchers at the Krembil Neuroscience Centre and the University Health Network have shown that Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in patients with chronic, severe and treatment-resistant Anorexia Nervosa (anorexia) helps some patients achieve and maintain improvements in body weight, mood, and anxiety. The results of this trial, entitled Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subcallosal Cingulate Area for Treatment-Refractory Anorexia Nervosa: A Phase I Pilot Trial, are published today in the medical journal The Lancet. The study is a collaboration between lead author Dr...
Important First Step In Identifying Kidney Failure Patients On Dialysis At Risk For Cardiovascular Disease
Date: Mar-08-2013Kidney failure affects 25 million individuals in the U.S. and many more throughout the world. Loss of kidney function means the majority of these patients must undergo dialysis treatments to remove excess fluids and waste products. Although dialysis therapy coupled with medication has improved the life expectancy for people with kidney failure, for unknown reasons, patients' risk of sudden heart failure and death remains 10 to 20 times greater than average...
CALHM1 Deficiency In Mice Affects Taste Perception Without Interfering With Taste Cell Development Or Overall Function
Date: Mar-08-2013Saying that the sense of taste is complicated is an understatement, that it is little understood, even more so. Exactly how cells transmit taste information to the brain for three out of the five primary taste types was pretty much a mystery, until now. A team of investigators from nine institutions discovered how ATP - the body's main fuel source - is released as the neurotransmitter from sweet, bitter, and umami, or savory, taste bud cells...
Identification Of Key Genetic Switch For Brain Maturation In Mice Has Potential To Make An Old Brain Young Again
Date: Mar-08-2013The flip of a single molecular switch helps create the mature neuronal connections that allow the brain to bridge the gap between adolescent impressionability and adult stability. Now Yale School of Medicine researchers have reversed the process, recreating a youthful brain that facilitated both learning and healing in the adult mouse. Scientists have long known that the young and old brains are very different. Adolescent brains are more malleable or plastic, which allows them to learn languages more quickly than adults and speeds recovery from brain injuries...
Using 'Acid Reflux' To Kill Cancer Cells
Date: Mar-08-2013A University of Central Florida chemist has come up with a unique way to kill certain cancer cells - give them acid reflux. Chemistry professor Kevin Belfield used a special salt to make cancer cells more acidic - similar to the way greasy foods cause acid reflux in some people. He used a light-activated, acid-generating molecule to make the cells more acidic when exposed to specific wavelengths of light, which in turn kills the bad cells. The surrounding healthy cells stay intact. The technique is a simple way around a problem that has frustrated researchers for years...
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