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Individual efficacy of gastric bypass predicted by gut hormone test
Date: Nov-12-2013The sensitivity of the GLP-1 hormone, which is secreted by the gastrointestinal tract, can predict the metabolic efficacy of a gastric bypass. The use of a GLP1 challenge could thus function as a novel predictive biomarker for personalized treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. These findings were reported by scientists of Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen and the University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA in the current issue of the journal Diabetes. The gastric bypass is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the treatment of obesity...
DNA 'dark matter' reveals cause of genetic disorder
Date: Nov-12-2013For the first time, scientists have used new technology which analyses the whole genome to find the cause of a genetic disease in what was previously referred to as "junk DNA". Pancreatic agenesis results in babies being born without a pancreas, leaving them with a lifetime of diabetes and problems digesting food...
How the immune system induces liver damage during hepatitis
Date: Nov-12-2013Viral infections are the primary cause of liver inflammation or hepatitis, affecting hundreds of millions of people all over the world, and they represent a public health problem worldwide. The acute condition can cause irreversible damage to the liver, and if not cured can become chronic, leading to serious diseases such as cirrhosis or cancer...
Artificial legs that emulate healthy limbs
Date: Nov-12-2013Recent advances in robotics technology make it possible to create prosthetics that can duplicate the natural movement of human legs. This capability promises to dramatically improve the mobility of lower-limb amputees, allowing them to negotiate stairs and slopes and uneven ground, significantly reducing their risk of falling as well as reducing stress on the rest of their bodies. That is the view of Michael Goldfarb, the H...
New insight into how antidepressants work in the brain
Date: Nov-12-2013Vollum Institute scientist publishes two papers on neurotransmission in the journal Nature. Research from Oregon Health & Science University's Vollum Institute, published in the current issue of Nature, is giving scientists a never-before-seen view of how nerve cells communicate with each other. That new view can give scientists a better understanding of how antidepressants work in the human brain - and could lead to the development of better antidepressants with few or no side effects. The first article in Nature came from the lab of Eric Gouaux, Ph.D...
Iron deficiency in kidney disease patients on dialysis treated with investigational drug
Date: Nov-12-2013Doctors at the North Shore-LIJ Health System presented late-breaking data showing that an investigational drug Triferic is well tolerated and effective in treating iron deficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis. This data was presented at the American Society of Nephrology's Kidney Week 2013 in Atlanta, GA. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the slow loss of kidney function over time. The main function of the kidneys is to remove wastes and excess water from the body...
Soft drinks and sugar in the diet may have negative effects on the kidneys
Date: Nov-12-2013Two new studies highlight the potential negative effects that soft drinks and sugar can have on kidney health. Results of these studies were presented at ASN Kidney Week 2013 at the Georgia World Congress Center in Atlanta, GA. In one study, researchers led by Ryohei Yamamoto, MD, PhD (Osaka Univ Graduate School of Medicine, in Japan) found that consuming at least two soft drinks per day is linked with proteinuria - or increased excretion of protein in the urine, which is a hallmark of kidney dysfunction...
Potential link between preeclampsia during pregnancy and kidney failure risk
Date: Nov-12-2013Preeclampsia during pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of developing kidney failure, according to a study that was presented at ASN Kidney Week 2013 at the Georgia World Congress Center in Atlanta, GA. Recent data from registry-based studies suggest that preeclampsia - a condition in pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, sometimes with fluid retention and protein excretion in the urine - is a risk factor for developing kidney failure later in life, but the magnitude of this link and the contributions of individuals' other medical conditions remain unknown...
Consuming too much wheat flour and animal protein could have profound effects on kidney health
Date: Nov-12-2013Three new studies suggest that controlling dietary acid intake could help improve kidney health. Results of these studies will be presented at ASN Kidney Week 2013 November 5-10 at the Georgia World Congress Center in Atlanta, GA. A diet rich in wheat flour and animal protein produces an acidic environment in the body that worsens with age as kidney function declines. This acid load can be detrimental to a variety of tissues and processes. Research suggests that consuming more fruits and vegetables - which are highly alkaline - may help counteract these effects...
TWEAK-Fn14 a key drug target for glioblastoma and other cancers
Date: Nov-12-2013A cellular pathway interaction known as TWEAK-Fn14, often associated with repair of acute injuries, also is a viable target for drug therapy that could prevent the spread of cancer, especially brain cancer, according to a study led by the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen). TWEAK is a cytokine, or soluble protein, that controls many cellular activities and acts by binding to a cell surface receptor known as Fn14...
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