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Our brains process the pain of villains more than the pain of people we like
Date: Oct-18-2013Counterintuitive findings from a new USC study show that the part of the brain that is associated with empathizing with the pain of others is activated more strongly by watching the suffering of hateful people as opposed to likable people. While one might assume that we would empathize more with people we like, the study may indicate that the human brain focuses more greatly on the need to monitor enemies closely, especially when they are suffering...
The pursuit of improved physical and mental health: October issue of Health Affairs
Date: Oct-18-2013Providing More Home-Delivered Meals Is One Way To Keep Older Adults With Low Care Needs Out Of Nursing Homes. Expanding programs that deliver meals to Medicaid-receiving seniors would save 26 of 48 states money, in addition to allowing more seniors to stay in their own homes, according to a new study in the October issue of Health Affairs. The study by Kali Thomas and Vincent Mor of Brown University projects that if every U.S...
Researchers maximize broccoli's cancer-fighting potential
Date: Oct-18-2013Spraying a plant hormone on broccoli - already one of the planet's most nutritious foods - boosts its cancer-fighting potential, and researchers say they have new insights on how that works. They published their findings, which could help scientists build an even better, more healthful broccoli, in ACS' Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry. John Juvik and colleagues explain that diet is one of the most important factors influencing a person's chances of developing cancer. One of the most helpful food families includes cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, kale and cabbage...
Mouse whiskers research reveals signal pathway from touch neuron to brain
Date: Oct-18-2013Human fingertips have several types of sensory neurons that are responsible for relaying touch signals to the central nervous system. Scientists have long believed these neurons followed a linear path to the brain with a "labeled-lines" structure. But new research on mouse whiskers from Duke University reveals a surprise -- at the fine scale, the sensory system's wiring diagram doesn't have a set pattern. And it's probably the case that no two people's touch sensory systems are wired exactly the same at the detailed level, according to Fan Wang, Ph.D...
Physicians use mobile devices in nursing homes to check drug info, preventing adverse events
Date: Oct-18-2013Nearly nine out of 10 nursing home physicians said that using their mobile devices to look up prescription drug information prevented at least one adverse drug event in the previous month, according to a University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Biomedical Informatics study published last week in the Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. Adverse drug events are associated with an estimated 93,000 deaths and $4 billion in excess health care costs in nursing homes each year, said lead investigator Steven M. Handler, M.D., Ph.D...
Oral cholera vaccine provides sustained protection for five years against cholera
Date: Oct-18-2013A clinical study published in the Lancet Infectious Diseases shows for the first time that an oral cholera vaccine (ShancholTM) provides sustained protection against cholera in humans for up to five years. The study showed the vaccine had a protective efficacy of 65% over a five-year period...
Hormones in BRCA gene carriers 'explain cancer risk'
Date: Oct-18-2013A new study suggests that abnormal levels of female hormones in the bloodstream may be a reason why women with faulty BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are more likely to develop breast and ovarian cancer over other cancers. Researchers from the Department of Women's Cancer at University College London (UCL) in the UK say their findings have already led to further research looking at new ways to prevent the cancers in women who are at higher risk...
Sniffing out avian influenza virus
Date: Oct-18-2013New research from the Monell Chemical Senses Center and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reveals how diseases can modify animal odors in subtle ways. In a recent study published in the public access journal /emPLOS ONE, scientists examined how infection with avian influenza (AIV) alters fecal odors in mallards. Using both behavioral and chemical methods, the findings reveal that AIV can be detected based on odor changes in infected birds...
How Staph toxin disarms the immune system
Date: Oct-18-2013Researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center have discovered a new mechanism by which the deadly Staphylococcus aureus bacteria attack and kill off immune cells. Their findings, published in the journal Cell Host & Microbe, explain a critical survival tactic of a pathogen that causes more skin and heart infections than any other microbe, and kills more than 100,000 Americans every year. "What we've found is that Staph unleashes a multi-purpose toxin capable of killing different types of immune cells by selectively binding to surface receptors," says Victor J...
Human dermal fibroblast culture enables direct induction of chondrogenic cells
Date: Oct-18-2013A research team led by Professor Noriyuki Tsumaki of the Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA) at Kyoto University and Dr. Hidetatsu Ohtani, a former CiRA member who now works as a post doctoral fellow at Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, has succeeded in directly converting human dermal fibroblasts into induced chondrogenic cells (iChon cells) without passing through an iPS cell stage in a process known as direct reprogramming. This finding has been published in PLOS ONE...
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