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Sex trafficking and exploitation of minors in the U.S: A reminder that these people are victims not criminals
Date: Sep-29-2013Commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors are serious problems in the United States with long-term adverse consequences for children and society as a whole, and federal agencies should work with state and local partners to raise awareness of these issues and train professionals who work with youths to recognize and assist those who are victimized or at risk, says a new report from the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council...
Advanced form of proton therapy reduces need for feeding tubes by 50 percent
Date: Sep-29-2013A new study from researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Proton Therapy Center found that the use of feeding tubes in oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) cancer patients treated with intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) decreased by more than 50 percent compared to patients treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). This suggests that proton therapy may offer vital quality of life benefits for patients with tumors occurring at the back of the throat. The results, presented by the lead researcher, Steven J. Frank, M.D...
The challenges of pathogen sleuthing highlighted by false alarm on hepatitis virus
Date: Sep-29-2013The report by scientists of a new hepatitis virus earlier this year was a false alarm, according to UC San Francisco researchers who correctly identified the virus as a contaminant present in a type of glassware used in many research labs. Their finding, they said, highlights both the promise and peril of today's powerful "next-generation" lab techniques that are used to track down new agents of disease...
Anti-cancer drug T-DM1 benefits women with advanced breast cancer who have failed several previous treatments: results from TH3RESA trial
Date: Sep-28-2013First results from a phase III clinical trial of the combination drug, T-DM1, show that it significantly improves the length of time before the disease worsens in women with advanced HER2 positive breast cancer whose cancer has recurred or progressed despite previous treatments, including trastuzumab and lapatinib...
New pig model for study of immune response to infections that cause peptic ulcers
Date: Sep-28-2013Researchers at the Virginia Bioinformatics Institute have developed a new large animal model to study how the immune system interacts with the stomach bacterium Helicobacter pylori, the leading cause of peptic ulcer disease. The discovery in the October edition of the journal Infection and Immunity may inform changes in the ways doctors treat patients. An estimated 4 million Americans have sores in the stomach lining known as peptic ulcers, according to the American Gastroenterological Association...
Driving under the influence of alcohol, drugs triples the risk of a fatal car crash
Date: Sep-28-2013Drugged driving has been a safety issue of increasing public concern in the United States and many other countries but its role in motor vehicle crashes had not been adequately examined. In a new study conducted at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health, researchers assessed the association of driver drug use, as well as the combination of drugs and alcohol, with the risk of fatal crash. They found that drug use is associated with a significantly increased risk of fatal crash involvement, particularly when used in combination with alcohol...
The auditory cortex may perform a role beyond just processing sound
Date: Sep-28-2013Several studies have shown that expecting a reward or punishment can affect brain activity in areas responsible for processing different senses, including sight or touch. For example, research shows that these brain regions light up on brain scans when humans are expecting a treat. However, researchers know less about what happens when the reward is actually received - or an expected reward is denied. Insight on these scenarios can help researchers better understand how we learn in general...
Experts believe pharmacy research can help raise health literacy standards
Date: Sep-28-2013Limited health literacy can lead to difficulties in patients' self-care activities such as taking prescribed medications...
Abused women often fear for pets left behind
Date: Sep-28-2013Veterinarians and women's shelters can make it easier for abused women to decide to leave their homes, particularly when the abuser is using a beloved pet as part of a campaign to control his partner, reports a new University of Illinois study. He made me stand there and . . . watch [him kill my cat]. And he was like: That could happen to you, one woman in the study said. "These incidences are very symbolic of what the abuser is capable of doing...
Model developed for studying tissue pattern formation during embryonic development
Date: Sep-28-2013A team of scientists, including M. Lisa Manning, assistant professor of physics in Syracuse University's College of Arts and Sciences, has developed a model for studying tissue - specifically how it organizes into organs and layers during embryonic development. Their findings are the subject of an article in the journal Interface (Royal Society Publishing, 2013) and may have major implications for the study of tissue pattern formation and malformation. Central to their work was the question of whether embryonic tissue behaves more like a solid or a liquid - and why...
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