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To make sense of novel situations our brains may rely on computer-like mechanism
Date: Sep-25-2013Our brains give us the remarkable ability to make sense of situations we've never encountered before - a familiar person in an unfamiliar place, for example, or a coworker in a different job role - but the mechanism our brains use to accomplish this has been a longstanding mystery of neuroscience. Now, researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have demonstrated that our brains could process these new situations by relying on a method similar to the "pointer" system used by computers...
Pain management for children with abdominal pain In ER: Racial and ethnic disparities
Date: Sep-25-2013Pediatric researchers have found race- and ethnicity-based disparities in pain management and length of stay among children who came to hospital emergency departments for treatment of abdominal pain. A study team reported on their analysis of a national database of hospital visits in the October issue of Pediatrics. Overall, black, Hispanic and "other" race children were less likely to receive analgesics than white children. After adjusting for confounders, black patients were less likely to receive any analgesic or a narcotic analgesic than white children...
Need for improved detection of sepsis for all women in labor
Date: Sep-25-2013Rates of severe sepsis and deaths from sepsis among U.S. women hospitalized for delivery have risen sharply over the last decade, reports a study in the October issue of Anesthesia & Analgesia, official journal of the International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS). "Maternal severe sepsis and sepsis-related deaths are increasing in the United States," concludes the report by Dr Melissa E. Bauer of University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, and colleagues...
Stem cells play a key role in how 'bad' cholesterol causes atherosclerosis in humans
Date: Sep-25-2013University at Buffalo translational researchers are developing a richer understanding of atherosclerosis in humans, revealing a key role for stem cells that promote inflammation. The research was published recently in PLOS One. It extends to humans previous findings in lab animals by researchers at Columbia University that revealed that high levels of LDL ("bad") cholesterol promote atherosclerosis by stimulating production of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC's)...
Mild hypothermia treatment may improve neuron survival after traumatic brain injury
Date: Sep-25-2013Moderate reductions in body temperature can improve outcomes after a person suffers a traumatic brain injury (TBI). New research that identifies positive effects of mild hypothermia on brain tissue is presented in an article published in Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management, a peer-reviewed journal from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. The article is available on the Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management website...
The consequences of sibling bullying on relationship between siblings
Date: Sep-25-2013Sibling bullying is a type of violence that is prevalent in the lives of most children, but little is known about it, researchers say. Clemson University psychology professor Robin Kowalski said the phenomenon has been overlooked. Kowalski and and co-author Jessica Skinner explored the extent to which sibling bullying is viewed to be normal and the perceived differences between victims and perpetrators. They recently published their findings in the Journal of Interpersonal Violence...
How economic development might influence teen obesity, public health
Date: Sep-25-2013When it comes to addressing the obesity epidemic, fast food restaurants are a favorite target, with some communities, such as the city of Los Angeles, going so far as to ban the construction of new, standalone fast food restaurants in neighborhoods with a high density of fast food restaurants that are also plagued by a high obesity rate. But according to a new study coauthored by Michael Bader, an assistant professor of sociology at American University in Washington, D.C...
Task Force issues final recommendations on medications for risk reduction of primary breast cancer in women
Date: Sep-25-2013The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends against using medications such as tamoxifen or raloxifene for reducing the risk of primary breast cancer in average risk women, as the risks associated with these medications outweigh the potential benefits. Doctors should discuss the benefits and harms of these treatments and offer to prescribe them to women who are at high risk for breast cancer and low risk for adverse reactions. In high-risk populations, the benefits may outweigh the risks...
In children exposed to diesel exhaust from traffic, protein explains increased asthma severity
Date: Sep-25-2013A new study shows that exposure to diesel exhaust particles from traffic pollution leads to increased asthma severity in children. Moreover, the study finds that this is due to increased blood levels of IL-17A, a protein associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases, in children with high diesel exposure. The study by researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center is published online in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. The research, conducted in mice and in humans, showed that neutralizing IL-17A prevented airway inflammation...
Gene's contribution to asthma susceptibility revealed
Date: Sep-25-2013New research from the University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM) has uncovered the role gene ORMDL3 plays in the disease asthma. ORMDL3, a gene recently linked to asthma susceptibility, has now been linked to the body's ability to recruit inflammatory cells during an airway allergic reaction. Study findings appear today in the journal Nature Communications. U of M researchers including Srirama Rao, Ph.D., (P...
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