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In pulmonary arterial hypertension, prostacyclin analogs and PDE 5 inhibitors synergistically stimulate ATP release from human RBCs
Date: Sep-24-2013Researchers at Saint Louis University School of Medicine have discovered a novel interaction between prostacyclin (PGI2) analogs and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, two groups of drugs used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). They found that, in combination, these drugs stimulate enhanced release of a potent vasodilator adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from human red blood cells (RBCs). Their study appears in the September 2013 issue of Experimental Biology and Medicine...
Protein that regulates cellular trafficking offers potential for anti-cancer therapy
Date: Sep-24-2013Molecular microbiologists at the University of Southern California (USC) have uncovered intricate regulatory mechanisms within the cell that could lead to novel therapeutics for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Their findings, which have long-standing significance in the basic understanding of cell biology, appear in the journal Nature Cell Biology. "Our research reveals a new regulatory mechanism that coordinates two distinct intracellular processes that are critical to cellular homeostasis and disease development," said Chengyu Liang, M.D., Ph.D...
New insight into body representation brain disorders provided by sensory illusion
Date: Sep-24-2013People can be easily tricked into believing an artificial finger is their own, shows a study published in The Journal of Physiology. The results reveal that the brain does not require multiple signals to build a picture body ownership, as this is the first time the illusion has been created using sensory inputs from the muscle alone. The discovery provides new insight into clinical conditions where body representation in the brain is disrupted due to changes in the central or peripheral nervous systems e.g. stroke, schizophrenia and phantom limb syndrome following amputation...
Switch identified that controls growth of most aggressive brain tumor cells
Date: Sep-24-2013Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified a cellular switch that potentially can be turned off and on to slow down, and eventually inhibit the growth of the most commonly diagnosed and aggressive malignant brain tumor. Findings of their investigation show that the protein RIP1 acts as a mediator of brain tumor cell survival, either protecting or destroying cells. Researchers believe that the protein, found in most glioblastomas, can be targeted to develop a drug treatment for these highly malignant brain tumors. The study was published online Aug. 22 in Cell Reports...
English hospital trusts fall short of recommended standards on post mortem consent
Date: Sep-24-2013Many hospital trusts in England and Wales are falling short of the recommended standards on obtaining consent for a post mortem, indicates a snapshot survey of practice published online in the Journal of Clinical Pathology. Active informed consent became a key tenet of post mortem exam procedures following the organ retention scandals at Bristol Royal Infirmary and The Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, which prompted the enactment of the 2004 Human Tissue Act...
Metabolism influenced by lifestyle via DNA methylation
Date: Sep-24-2013An unhealthy lifestyle leaves traces in the DNA. These may have specific effects on metabolism, causing organ damage or disease. Scientists of Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen have now identified 28 DNA alterations associated with metabolic traits. This world-first epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of modified genes and metabolites has been now published in the journal Human Molecular Genetics. In the course of life, aging processes, environmental influences and lifestyle factors such as smoking or diet induce biochemical alterations to the DNA...
Eradicating Helicobacter pylori
Date: Sep-24-2013Gut-dwelling bacteria are attracting increasing attention, particularly those associated with human diseases. Helicobacter pylori is found in the stomach of humans, where it may cause chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers, although the majority of infections are asymptomatic. The bacterium has been associated with man since over 100,000 years ago, when it first infected San hunter-gatherers...
A new way to prevent overweight and obesity - primary weight maintenance
Date: Sep-24-2013The same message to everyone does not work if the goal is to prevent overweight and obesity in the population. It is also important to reach groups normally considered as being at low risk for gaining weight. This is what Kristina Lindvall shows in her doctoral thesis at Umea University, Sweden. Participants in the study come from Vasterbotten County in northern Sweden and from New York State in the US. It is often difficult for people to maintain their weight following weight loss. Instead people tend to return to the same weight that they were at before the weight loss or gain even more...
Nobel prize-winning sodium-potassium pump: Crucial new insight into its secrets
Date: Sep-24-2013Jens Chr. Skou was awarded the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the sodium-potassium pump. Now, a team of researchers from Aarhus has completed the description of its structure. A result which is of vital importance for our understanding of the body's functions and essential for our understanding of illness and for the development of new medicines. The story of the sodium-potassium pump has strong ties to Aarhus. In 1997, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery, and over the years, research on the pump has remained a strong focus area at the university...
In HIV, elvitegravir fixed combination has lesser benefit for treatment-naive patients
Date: Sep-24-2013More AIDS-defining illnesses and severe side effects than with appropriate comparator therapy The drug combination of elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil (elvitegravir fixed combination, trade name: Stribild) has been approved in Germany since May 2013 for the treatment of adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)...
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