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Targeting memory T-cells in type 1 diabetes - results from the T1DAL study
Date: Sep-23-2013Encouraging results from the T1DAL study (Targeting effector memory T cells with alefacept in new onset type 1 diabetes), led by Mark R. Rigby M.D., Ph.D. from Indiana University and Riley Hospital for Children in Indianapolis and sponsored by the Immune Tolerance Network (ITN) with additional support from JDRF, have been published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. Alefacept, an engineered fusion protein targeting a surface molecule, CD2, found on T- lymphocytes, was the first biologic therapy approved for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis...
Tackling drug-resistant cancers using a genome-forward approach
Date: Sep-23-2013If you really want to understand why a particular human cancer resists treatment, you have to be able to study that tumor - really study it - in a way that just isn't possible in humans. Cancer biologists have been developing a new approach to this challenge, by transplanting human cancers directly from patients to mice whose crippled immune systems will allow those human tissues to grow. According to research published in the Cell Press publication Cell Reports, this new approach permits analysis of human cancer in unprecedented detail...
The evolution of lethal bird flu viruses
Date: Sep-23-2013Deadly H7N9 avian flu viruses infected people for the first time earlier this year in China, but little is known about how they evolved to become harmful to humans. In a study published by Cell Press in Cell Host & Microbe, an in-depth evolutionary analysis of whole-genome sequences of different types of avian flu viruses has revealed that new H7N9 viruses emerged from distinct H9N2 viruses in a two-step process, first occurring in wild birds and then continuing in domestic birds...
A promising way to boost the body's immune surveillance via p53, "the genome guardian" in the fight against cancer
Date: Sep-23-2013Researchers at A*STAR's Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) have discovered a new mechanism involving p53, the famous tumour suppressor, to fight against aggressive cancers. This strategy works by sabotaging the ability of the cancer cells to hide from the immune system. Published in the prestigious Nature Communications journal, this research opens a new avenue to improve targeted cancer therapy by harnessing the body's own immune system to control and eliminate cancer cells...
Weight loss for obese older adults recommended
Date: Sep-23-2013The medical community touts the importance of not carrying excess weight, but that has not always been the message delivered to older adults. Weight loss has been discouraged among older adults, partly because of health concerns over inadvertent reductions in muscle and bone mass, which is known to accompany overall weight loss...
Groundbreaking procedure using novel 'paper-clip' style device to treat high blood pressure
Date: Sep-23-2013Researchers at the University of Leicester and Glenfield Hospital have successfully used a novel "paper-clip" sized vascular coupling device to tackle resistant high blood pressure. The operation was carried out on Monday 16 September at Glenfield Hospital by Professor André Ng, Professor of Cardiac Electrophysiology at the University of Leicester and Consultant Cardiologist at Glenfield Hospital...
Mass-spectrometry-based method adapted to profile ribsomes and associated factors
Date: Sep-23-2013In molecular biology, the ribosome represents the machinery necessary to assemble proteins, the building blocks of life. In this process, information encoded in the genome's DNA is first transcribed to messenger RNA in the nucleus, then transported to the ribosome where protein-assembly instructions are put in motion to translate the code into actual proteins. But in recent years, it has been demonstrated that the ribosome is far more than just a processing unit; indeed, current research points to an important role for this complex structure in actively regulating biological processes...
Identifying good fat, scientists find out how
Date: Sep-23-2013Good fat is the brown type, while the fat nobody likes is the white type. Brown fat keeps us warm by burning energy, white fat on the other hand, stores energy and widens waists and thighs and enlarges our bottoms. A group of scientists at The University of Texas Health Science Center is carrying out research into brown fat with the aim of tackling obesity. At the molecular level, distinguishing brown from white fat is difficult for researchers, making it harder from them to make any meaningful scientific progress into really understanding the mechanisms of obesity...
Research on computer modeling for emergency preparedness featured in special journal issue
Date: Sep-23-2013Cutting-edge research on computational modeling of public health emergencies and simulations of the potential response, brought together by the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, is featured in a special issue of the Journal of Public Health Management and Practice...
Hormone fluctuations, immune cells and breast cancer risk
Date: Sep-23-2013University of Adelaide researchers have made a major discovery that highlights the important role played by immune cells in the risk of developing breast cancer. Researchers have focused their efforts on immune cells known as macrophages in the breast, and how the role of these cells changes because of fluctuations in hormones during different times of the month...
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