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Diabetic hippocampal injury alleviated by sericin
Date: Aug-09-2013Preliminary studies by Dr. Zhihong Chen and colleagues from Chengde Medical College have shown that sericin might improve aberrant Akt signaling, decrease heme oxygenase-1 expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, and reduce the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in diabetic rats, thus protecting the nervous system. Recently, it is reported that the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis undergoes abnormal changes in diabetes mellitus, which aggravate the disease progression and trigger complications...
Association between dementia risk and blood sugar level, even in the absence of diabetes
Date: Aug-09-2013A joint Group Health - University of Washington (UW) study in the New England Journal of Medicine has found that higher blood sugar levels are associated with higher dementia risk, even among people who do not have diabetes. Blood sugar levels averaged over a five-year period were associated with rising risks for developing dementia, in this report about more than 2,000 Group Health patients age 65 and older in the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study...
Why we don't all succumb to Alzheimer's disease
Date: Aug-09-2013Though one might think the brains of people who develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) possess building blocks of the disease absent in healthy brains, for most sufferers, this is not true. Every human brain contains the ingredients necessary to spark AD, but while an estimated 5 million Americans have AD - a number projected to triple by 2050 - the vast majority of people do not and will not develop the devastating neurological condition...
Preventing substance use in adolescence by tackling disruptive behavior in early childhood
Date: Aug-09-2013Delivering a two-year intervention programme to disruptive kindergarten children could help prevent substance use in adolescence, according to a new study published in the British Journal of Psychiatry. Alcohol and drug use are highly prevalent and problematic among young people, and the link between childhood behaviour problems and adolescent substance misuse is well-recognised. In this study, Canadian researchers set out to examine whether a two-year prevention programme in childhood could stop substance misuse problems in later life...
Lung cancer risk cut by eating raw garlic
Date: Aug-09-2013Eating raw garlic twice a week could potentially halve the risk of developing lung cancer, according to a study published in the journal Cancer Prevention Research. Researchers from the Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China carried out a population-based case control study between 2003 and 2010, to analyze the link between raw garlic consumption and lung cancer. The researchers collected data from 1,424 lung cancer patients, alongside 4,543 healthy controls...
Inspiring physicians to practice in rural areas
Date: Aug-09-2013According to a recent study, the Summer Community Program offered by the University of Missouri School of Medicine has made a significant impact on physician access in rural communities. The 15-year study showed medical school graduates involved in the program not only entered family practice residency training at higher rates than nonparticipants, but nearly half began their medical careers in rural locations...
Complex motion-detection circuitry in flies mapped by researchers
Date: Aug-09-2013Some optical illusions look like they're in motion even though the picture is static. A new map of the fly brain also suggests motion - or at least how the fly sees movement. The new research, published in the journal Nature, takes advantage of a high-throughput approach that speeds the charting of neuronal connections involved in motion detection. Neurons snake through the brain, each reaching out and touching many other neurons. In the human brain, 100 billion neurons make on average 1,000 connections each...
Crucial brain-signaling molecule requires coordinated motion to turn on: Study could help yield new drugs for brain disorders
Date: Aug-09-2013Johns Hopkins biophysicists have discovered that full activation of a protein ensemble essential for communication between nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord requires a lot of organized back-and-forth motion of some of the ensemble's segments. Their research, they say, may reveal multiple sites within the protein ensemble that could be used as drug targets to normalize its activity in such neurological disorders as epilepsy, schizophrenia, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease...
The genome of aggressive cervical cancer that killed Henrietta Lacks
Date: Aug-09-2013A team from the University of Washington has unveiled a comprehensive portrait of the genome of the world's first immortal cell line, known as HeLa. The cell line was derived in 1951 from an aggressive cervical cancer that killed Henrietta Lacks, a 31-year-old African-American tobacco farmer and mother of five - the subject of the 2010 New York Times best-seller, "The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks." They will also be the first group to publish under a new National Institutes of Health policy for HeLa genomic data, established through discussions with Lacks' family...
Key signal discovered that guides brain development
Date: Aug-09-2013Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have decoded an important molecular signal that guides the development of a key region of the brain known as the neocortex. The largest and most recently evolved region of the brain, the neocortex is particularly well developed in humans and is responsible for sensory processing, long-term memory, reasoning, complex muscle actions, consciousness and other functions...
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