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Online Predators Not Distinctively Dangerous Sex Offenders
Date: Aug-08-2013A new University of New Hampshire study challenges the view that online predators are a distinctly dangerous variety of sex offender, requiring special programs to protect youth. The study from the UNH Crimes against Children Research Center finds that sex offenders who target teens increasingly use Internet and cell phone communications to lure teens into sexual relationships. In crimes that involve such communications, offenders who meet and recruit youth online operate in much the same way as offenders who meet and know youth in ordinary offline environments...
Brain molecule discovered that regulates human emotion, mood
Date: Aug-08-2013A RIKEN research team has discovered an enzyme called Rines that regulates MAO-A, a major brain protein controlling emotion and mood. The enzyme is a potentially promising drug target for treating diseases associated with emotions such as depression. Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is an enzyme that breaks down serotonin, norephinephrine and dopamine, neurotransmitters well-known for their influence on emotion and mood. Nicknamed the "warrior gene", a variant of the MAOA gene has been associated with increased risk of violent and anti-social behavior...
Genes altered in fatty liver disease by weight loss surgery
Date: Aug-08-2013Research has shown that weight loss surgery can benefit obese individuals in ways that go beyond shedding pounds, for example by causing early remission of type 2 diabetes. Now scientists have found that the surgery can also reverse the symptoms of fatty liver disease. The findings, which are published online on in the Cell Press journal Cell Metabolism, are derived from research on liver samples in normal and obese patients - some with fatty liver disease and some without fatty liver disease. The results provide another example of the DNA-altering effects of weight loss surgery...
A possible future for cancer research without animal testing
Date: Aug-08-2013JoVE, the Journal of Visualized Experiments, has published two new methods for scientists to study and treat tumor growth. The methods introduce a lab-born, human tissue structure with replicated human biochemistry - offering scientists the opportunity to grow, observe, and ultimately learn how to treat biopsied human tumor cells. The University Hospital of Würzburg scientists behind the experiment have created a new version of the testing structures known as biological vascularized scaffolds (BioVaSc)...
New findings could lead to drugs that fight back when tumors don't respond to treatment
Date: Aug-08-2013Cancer drugs known as ErbB inhibitors have shown great success in treating many patients with lung, breast, colon and other types of cancer. However, ErbB drug resistance means that many other patients do not respond, and even among those who do, tumors commonly come back. A new study from MIT reveals that much of this resistance develops because a protein called AXL helps cancer cells to circumvent the effects of ErbB inhibitors, allowing them to grow unchecked...
Peripherally inserted central catheters have similar CLABSI risk in vulnerable patients
Date: Aug-08-2013A new study reports that peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) do not reduce the risk of central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in hospitalized patients. PICCs have become one of the most commonly used central venous catheters (CVCs) in healthcare settings since they are considered easier and safer to use, with less risk of CLABSIs...
Novel treatment boosted selective immune attack on leukemia cells in post-transplant patients
Date: Aug-08-2013Patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) often receive donor transplants that effectively "reboot" their own immune defenses, which then attack and potentially cure the hard-to-treat disease. However, there is a high rate of relapse in these patients, and the transplanted immune cells may also harm normal tissues, causing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)...
Depressed mood could be lifted by color of nightlight
Date: Aug-08-2013Scientifically speaking, 'feeling blue' could have some literal meaning now that researchers have found that our moods could be affected by the color of nighttime light we are exposed to. And if your nightlight is blue, you may want to switch it to red. The study published in The Journal of Neuroscience comes from Ohio State University, and it had researchers giving different colors of light for hamsters to live under. The scientists wanted to determine the effects that certain hues would have on state of mind in mammals, giving clues to the effects in us...
New treatment against cognitive dysfunction in chronic cerebral ischemia
Date: Aug-08-2013Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and its specific target gene heme oxygenase-1 are involved in acute cerebral ischemia. However, very few studies have examined in detail the changes in the hypoxia-inducible factor-1/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway in chronic cerebral ischemia. Prof. Zhongxin Xu and team from China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Jilin University clarified that the hypoxia-inducible factor-1/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway is activated following chronic cerebral ischemia and involved in the development of cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral ischemia...
Child abuse affects smoking behavior
Date: Aug-08-2013Researchers have long suspected some kind of link between childhood abuse and smoking. But in an interesting twist, a new study from the University of Washington finds a connection not between whether or not abused children will ever begin smoking but to how much they smoke if they do start. "In other words, people are as likely to smoke whether or not they were sexually or physically abused, but they're inclined to smoke more if they were abused and have a history of smoking," said Todd Herrenkohl, a professor in the UW School of Social Work...
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