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New compound identified that may treat Osteomyelitis staph bone infections and a new mouse model developed
Date: Aug-05-2013Osteomyelitis, a debilitating bone infection most frequently caused by Staphylococcus aureus ("staph") bacteria, is particularly challenging to treat. Now, Vanderbilt microbiologist Eric Skaar, Ph.D., MPH, and colleagues have identified a staph-killing compound that may be an effective treatment for osteomyelitis, and they have developed a new mouse model that will be useful for testing this compound and for generating additional therapeutic strategies. James Cassat, M.D., Ph.D...
Light that moves and molds gels
Date: Aug-05-2013Some animals - like the octopus and cuttlefish - transform their shape based on environment, fending off attackers or threats in the wild. For decades, researchers have worked toward mimicking similar biological responses in non-living organisms, as it would have significant implications in the medical arena. Now, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have demonstrated such a biomimetic response using hydrogels - a material that constitutes most contact lenses and microfluidic or fluid-controlled technologies...
Hotter, wetter weather conditions greatly increase the risk of personal violence and social upheaval
Date: Aug-05-2013Should climate change trigger the upsurge in heat and rainfall that scientists predict, people may face a threat just as perilous and volatile as extreme weather - each other. Researchers from Princeton University and the University of California-Berkeley report in the journal Science that even slight spikes in temperature and precipitation have greatly increased the risk of personal violence and social upheaval throughout human history...
When prescribing antibiotics, doctors most often choose strongest types of drugs
Date: Aug-05-2013When U.S. physicians prescribe antibiotics, more than 60 percent of the time they choose some of the strongest types of antibiotics, referred to as "broad spectrum," which are capable of killing multiple kinds of bacteria, University of Utah researchers show in a new study. Unfortunately, in more than 25 percent of such prescriptions are useless because the infection stems from a virus, which cannot be treated with antibiotics...
Removing a protein enhances defense against bacteria staphylococcus aureus in CGD mice
Date: Aug-05-2013Deletion of a protein in white blood cells improves their ability to fight the bacteria staphylococcus aureus and possibly other infections in mice with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), according to a National Institutes of Health study. CGD, a genetic disorder also found in people, is marked by recurrent, life-threatening infections. The study's findings appear online in The Journal of Clinical Investigation...
Catching cancer early - portable diagnostic device may help
Date: Aug-05-2013Reaching a clinic in time to receive an early diagnosis for cancer - when the disease is most treatable - is a global problem. And now a team of Chinese researchers proposes a global solution: have a user-friendly diagnostic device travel to the patient, anywhere in the world. As described in the journal Biomicrofluidics, which is produced by AIP Publishing, a team led by Gang Li, Ph.D...
A new tool for brain research
Date: Aug-05-2013Physicists and neuroscientists from The University of Nottingham and University of Birmingham have unlocked one of the mysteries of the human brain, thanks to new research using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG). The work will enable neuroscientists to map a kind of brain function that up to now could not be studied, allowing a more accurate exploration of how both healthy and diseased brains work...
Antibiotic resistance among hospital-acquired infections is much greater than prior CDC estimates
Date: Aug-05-2013The rise of antibiotic resistance among hospital-acquired infections is greater than the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found in its 2008 analysis, according to an ahead-of-print article in the journal, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. The article also finds that the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) promise to "reboot" antibiotic development rules a year ago to combat the rise in resistance has fallen short...
Researchers target 'cell sleep' to lower chances of cancer recurrence and make cancer drugs more effective
Date: Aug-05-2013An international research team led by University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI) scientists discovered that by preventing cancer cells from entering a state of cellular sleep, cancer drugs are more effective, and there is a lower chance of cancer recurrence. The findings, which will be published in the August 15 issue of the journal Cancer Research and are available online, are the first to show that it is possible to therapeutically target cancer cells to keep them from entering a cellular state called quiescence, or "cell sleep...
Children's growth stunted in places without clean water and soap
Date: Aug-05-2013Researchers have found that children who have access to clean water and soap have improved height growth. Researchers from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, alongside the charity WaterAid, analyzed 14 studies that had been conducted in low- and middle-income countries. Their results have been published in The Cochrane Library. The studies provided data on 9,469 children under 18 years of age and analyzed the effect of water, sanitation and hygiene programs on their physical growth...
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