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New idea and approach in the treatment of vascular dementia
Date: Jul-25-2013Neural stem cells proliferate in the subventricular zone and hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult mammals. However, the number of endogenous neural stem cells is insufficient to prevent cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuries such as vascular dementia, so it is important to stimulate endogenous neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. The ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 effectively and safely treats memory loss and cognitive impairments in patients with senile dementia. Prof...
Transcription factor EBF1 reminds cells who they are
Date: Jul-25-2013Mature cells develop through a number of immature stages. During this process, they must remember the specialisation they are committed to. For immune system B cells, Rudolf Grosschedl of the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics and his team have discovered that the transcription factor EBF1 is crucial for B cells to remember who they are. When the researchers switched off the transcription factor, the cells lost their previous identity and developed into T cells...
Preventing nerve injury during thyroid surgery by routine exposure of recurrent laryngeal nerve
Date: Jul-25-2013Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is the most common serious complication of thyroid surgery. Therefore, preventing recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is an important goal in thyroid surgery. A retrospective clinical controlled study from Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine demonstrates that dissecting the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery is clinically significant for preventing nerve injury...
New strategy for fiber tracking in human brain
Date: Jul-25-2013Diffusion tensor imaging fiber tracking with reliable tracking orientation and flexible step size can show white matter fiber bundles in the healthy corpus callosum. Researchers used two sets of human data to assess the performance of this method; one was from a healthy volunteer and the other from a patient with low-grade glioma. Results verified that this method was superior to the single-tensor Fiber Assignment by Continuous Tracking and the two-tensor eXtended Streamline Tractography for showing detailed images of fiber bundles...
Mechanism discovered behind development of autoimmune hepatitis
Date: Jul-25-2013A gene mutation disrupts the activity of certain immune cells and causes the immune system to erroneously attack the liver, according to a new animal study from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. The findings, published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, will provide a new model for studying drug targets and therapies for Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH), a condition for which the only treatment options are short-acting steroids or liver transplant...
Stem cell study uncovers brain-protective powers of astrocytes
Date: Jul-25-2013One of regenerative medicine's greatest goals is to develop new treatments for stroke. So far, stem cell research for the disease has focused on developing therapeutic neurons - the primary movers of electrical impulses in the brain - to repair tissue damaged when oxygen to the brain is limited by a blood clot or break in a vessel. New UC Davis research, however, shows that other cells may be better suited for the task...
Treating people who use drugs is the first step towards eliminating hepatitis C - international guidelines for treatment released today
Date: Jul-25-2013The burden of liver disease could be dramatically reduced by increasing treatment for hepatitis C infection among people who inject drugs, suggest new recommendations developed by researchers from the Kirby Institute at UNSW, in collaboration with colleagues from the International Network on Hepatitis Care in Substance Users (INHSU). In Australia, 226,000 people are living with chronic hepatitis C and over 10,000 new cases are reported every year...
Understanding the strength of the mussels' underwater attachments could enable better glues and biomedical interfaces
Date: Jul-25-2013Unlike barnacles, which cement themselves tightly to the surfaces of rocks, piers or ships, the clamlike bivalves called mussels dangle more loosely from these surfaces, attached by a collection of fine filaments known as byssus threads. This approach lets the creatures drift further out into the water, where they can absorb nutrients - although in the process, it exposes them to the risk of being torn away by the force of crashing waves. But that almost never happens...
Campaign results in plummeting rates of unnecessary medical tests in sweden
Date: Jul-25-2013The rate of inappropriate cancer scans for low-risk prostate cancer patients in Sweden plummeted in the decade following a joint campaign to curtail such tests by Swedish County Councils and the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) of Sweden, a professional association of Swedish urologists. The results, published online in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, suggest that curtailing unneeded medical tests, an urgent healthcare policy goal in the United States highlighted in the Choosing Wisely Campaign, among other initiatives, is achievable, says Danil V...
No link discovered between mercury exposure and autism-like behaviors
Date: Jul-25-2013The potential impact of exposure to low levels of mercury on the developing brain - specifically by women consuming fish during pregnancy - has long been the source of concern and some have argued that the chemical may be responsible for behavioral disorders such as autism. However, a new study that draws upon more than 30 years of research in the Republic of Seychelles reports that there is no association between pre-natal mercury exposure and autism-like behaviors...
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