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Genetic 'Switches' Likely Play Big Role In Human Evolution

Date: Jun-21-2013
A Cornell University study offers further proof that the divergence of humans from chimpanzees some 4 million to 6 million years ago was profoundly influenced by mutations to DNA sequences that play roles in turning genes on and off. The study, published in Nature Genetics, provides evidence for a 40-year-old hypothesis that regulation of genes must play an important role in evolution since there is little difference between humans and chimps in the proteins produced by genes. Indeed, human and chimpanzee proteins are more than 99 percent identical...

Injuries Soar For Pedestrians On Cell Phones

Date: Jun-21-2013
More than 1,500 pedestrians were estimated to be treated in emergency rooms in 2010 for injuries related to using a cell phone while walking, according to a new nationwide study. The number of such injuries has more than doubled since 2005, even though the total number of pedestrian injuries dropped during that time. And researchers believe that the actual number of injured pedestrians is actually much higher than these results suggest...

'Epidemic' Of Sleep Apnea In Surgical Patients: Anesthesiologists And Surgeons Call For Better Guidance

Date: Jun-21-2013
Although as many as 25 percent of patients undergoing surgery suffer from sleep apnea, few hospitals have policies to help manage the risks of this condition during surgery, and there is little evidence to help guide anesthesiologists and surgeons caring for these patients. In a new editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine, Stavros Memtsoudis, M.D., Ph.D., director of Critical Care Services at Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, calls for a new research initiative to identify the safest and most effective ways to manage patients with sleep apnea...

Overview Of Water Sachet Use In Ghana's Capital Accra

Date: Jun-21-2013
Many of West Africa's largest cities continue to lag in their provision of piped water to residents. Filling the service gap are plastic water sachets, which have become an important source of drinking water for the region. This industry provides many jobs and improves access to clean drinking water, yet unintended social and environmental consequences associated with the widespread use of sachet water continues to stir controversy...

Scientists Create A Way To See Structures That Store Memories In A Living Brain

Date: Jun-21-2013
Oscar Wilde called memory "the diary that we all carry about with us." Now a team of scientists has developed a way to see where and how that diary is written. The team, led by Don Arnold and Richard Roberts of USC, engineered microscopic probes that light up synapses in a living neuron in real time by attaching fluorescent markers onto synaptic proteins - all without affecting the neuron's ability to function. The fluorescent markers allow scientists to see live excitatory and inhibitory synapses for the first time - and, importantly, how they change as new memories are formed...

Psychologists Find Some Parents Want Their Own Broken Dreams To Be Redeemed By Their Child

Date: Jun-21-2013
Some parents desire for their children to fulfill their own unrealized ambitions, just as psychologists have long theorized, according to a new first-of-its-kind study. Researchers found the more that parents see their child as part of themselves, the more likely they are to want their child to succeed in achieving their own failed dreams...

In Exercise Amount Matters, Not Frequency

Date: Jun-21-2013
Doing 150 minutes of exercise is just as good for you all in one go as it is broken up into several sessions each week, researchers from Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, reported in the journal Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. Ian Janssen and Janine Clarke found that adults who had built up 150 minutes of physical exercise over just a couple of days during a 7-day period were not less healthy or fit than those who had exercised more frequently (and done a total of 150 minutes)...

Novel Application Of 3D Printing Could Enable The Development Of Miniaturized Medical Implants

Date: Jun-21-2013
3D printing can now be used to print lithium-ion microbatteries the size of a grain of sand. The printed microbatteries could supply electricity to tiny devices in fields from medicine to communications, including many that have lingered on lab benches for lack of a battery small enough to fit the device, yet provide enough stored energy to power them. To make the microbatteries, a team based at Harvard University and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign printed precisely interlaced stacks of tiny battery electrodes, each less than the width of a human hair...

Scientists Confirm That Body Makes Its Own Rotten Egg Gas, H2S, To Benefit Cardiovascular Health

Date: Jun-21-2013
A new study confirms directly what scientists previously knew only indirectly: The poisonous "rotten egg" gas hydrogen sulfide is generated by our body's growing cells. Hydrogen sulfide, or H2S, is normally toxic, but in small amounts it plays a role in cardiovascular health. In the new study, chemists developed a chemical probe that reacts and lights up when live human cells generate hydrogen sulfide, says chemist Alexander R. Lippert, Southern Methodist University, Dallas. The discovery allows researchers to observe the process through a microscope...

The Lifelong Health Impact Of Whooping Cough

Date: Jun-21-2013
People born during whooping cough outbreaks are more likely to die prematurely even if they survive into adulthood, research at Lund University in Sweden has found. Women had a 20% higher risk of an early death, and men a staggering 40%. Women also suffered more complications during and after pregnancy, with an increased risk of miscarriage as well as infant death within the first month of life...