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Progression Of Glioblastoma May Be Accelerated By Cytomegalovirus
Date: Jun-04-2013A virus that infects most Americans but that usually remains dormant in the body might speed the progression of an aggressive form of brain cancer when particular genes are shut off in tumor cells, new research shows. The animal study by researchers at the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC - James) and at Dana Farber Cancer Institute suggests that cytomegalovirus (CMV) might significantly accelerate the development and progression of glioblastoma, a deadly form of brain cancer...
HIV-Treated Drug Users' Deaths Linked To Food Insecurity
Date: Jun-04-2013Food insecurity increases the risk of death among injection drug users living with HIV/AIDS even when they are receiving life-prolonging antiretroviral therapy (ART), according to a new study involving Simon Fraser University. The study, recently published in the peer-reviewed science journal, PLoS One, examines the impact of food insecurity and hunger on survival among injection drug users. Food insecurity is defined by the United Nations' World Food Programme as having insufficient access to adequate quantity and quality of food...
Researchers Employ Mathematical Models To Better Combat HIV
Date: Jun-04-2013The first few hours to days following exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be of critical importance in determining if infection occurs in a patient. But the low numbers of viruses and infected cells at this stage makes it very difficult to study these events in humans or animal models. Theoretical mathematical models can help analyze viral dynamics in this early phase, and hence offer insights into therapeutic and prevention strategies, as evidenced by a paper published recently in the SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics...
Mathematical Analysis Of Viral Blips
Date: Jun-04-2013Recurrent infection is a common feature of persistent viral diseases. It includes episodes of high viral production interspersed by periods of relative quiescence. These quiescent or silent stages are hard to study with experimental models. Mathematical analysis can help fill in the gaps. In a paper titled Conditions for Transient Viremia in Deterministic in-Host Models: Viral Blips Need No Exogenous Trigger,* published recently in the SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, authors Wenjing Zhang, Lindi M. Wahl, and Pei Yu present a model to study persistent infections...
Poultry Contamination On Farm Linked To Contamination At Processing Plant
Date: Jun-04-2013Researchers at the University of Georgia, Athens, have identified a strong link between the prevalence and load of certain food-borne pathogens on poultry farms, and later downstream at the processing plant. They report their findings in a manuscript published ahead of print in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology. "This study suggests that reducing foodborne pathogen loads on broiler chicken farms would help to reduce pathogen loads at processing, and may ultimately help to reduce the risk of foodborne illness," says Roy Berghaus, an author on the study...
Splicing Process Hijacked By Oncogene Mutation To Promote Growth And Survival
Date: Jun-04-2013An international team of researchers - led by principal investigator Paul S. Mischel, MD, a member of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and professor in the Department of Pathology at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine - has found that a singular gene mutation helps brain cancer cells to not just survive, but grow tumors rapidly by altering the splicing of genes that control cellular metabolism. The findings are published online in the journal Cell Metabolism...
Mass-Producing High-Quality DNA Molecules Using New Method
Date: Jun-04-2013A new method of manufacturing short, single-stranded DNA molecules can solve many of the problems associated with current production methods. The new method, which is described in the scientific periodical Nature Methods, can be of value to both DNA nanotechnology and the development of drugs consisting of DNA fragments. The novel technique for manufacturing short, single-stranded DNA molecules - or oligonucleotides - has been developed by researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden and Harvard University...
Promising New Treatment For Advanced Melanoma
Date: Jun-04-2013Researchers from UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center report that a new drug in preliminary tests has shown promising results with very manageable side effects for treating patients with melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer. The results were presented at the 2013 meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology today in Chicago by Dr. Antoni Ribas, professor of medicine in the UCLA division of hematology-oncology, who led the research. Following Ribas' presentation, the study was published online ahead of press in the New England Journal of Medicine...
Identification Of Growth Factor Responsible For Triggering Hair Follicle Generation During Wound Healing
Date: Jun-04-2013Researchers in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania have determined the role of a key growth factor, found in skin cells of limited quantities in humans, which helps hair follicles form and regenerate during the wound healing process. When this growth factor, called Fgf9, was overexpressed in a mouse model, there was a two- to three-fold increase in the number of new hair follicles produced. Researchers believe that this growth factor could be used therapeutically for people with various hair and scalp disorders...
A Wide Variety Of Advanced Cancers Harbor Abnormalities In HER2 Gene
Date: Jun-04-2013The HER2 growth-factor gene is known to be over-active in breast and gastro-esophageal cancers. But now, irregularities in the genes 's expression - among them mutations, amplifications, substitutions, and translocations - have been found in 14 different advanced solid tumors. The results of the study of more than 2,000 tumors, presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), both surprised researchers and provided hope that some of these tumors might benefit from the three anti-HER2 therapies now in clinical use...
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