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Research Misconduct Is A Global Problem
Date: Mar-28-2013Research activity is global, therefore, research misconduct is a global problem. These are the conclusions of two commissioned Essays this week in PLOS Medicine that review the problem of research misconduct across the world and provide a landscape review of the policies and initiatives of government and institutions to manage research misconduct...
Portable White Blood Cell Counter Needs Just A Pinprick Of Blood And Takes Just Minutes
Date: Mar-28-2013White blood cells, or leukocytes, are the immune system's warriors. So when an infection or disease attacks the body, the system typically responds by sending more white blood cells into the fray. This means that checking the number of these cells is a relatively easy way to detect and monitor such conditions. Currently, most white blood cell counts are performed with large-scale equipment in central clinical laboratories. If a physician collects blood samples from a patient in the office - usually requiring a full vial of blood for each test - it can take days to get the results...
New Nerve Cells Formed Directly In The Brain
Date: Mar-28-2013The field of cell therapy, which aims to form new cells in the body in order to cure disease, has taken another important step in the development towards new treatments. A new report from researchers at Lund University in Sweden shows that it is possible to re-programme other cells to become nerve cells, directly in the brain. Two years ago, researchers in Lund were the first in the world to re-programme human skin cells, known as fibroblasts, to dopamine-producing nerve cells - without taking a detour via the stem cell stage...
Mouse Model To Study Vocal Learning, Learn About Genetic Mechanism Behind Communications Disorders
Date: Mar-28-2013Scientists have long thought that mice might serve as a model for how humans learn to vocalize. But new research led by scientists at Washington State University-Vancouver has found that, unlike humans and songbirds, mice do not learn how to vocalize. But the results, published in the current Journal of Neuroscience, point the way to a more finely focused, genetic tool for teasing out the mysteries of speech and its disorders. To see if mice learn to vocalize, WSU neurophysiologist Christine Portfors took more than a dozen male mice and destroyed their ears' hair cells...
Review Article Examines Sublingual Immunotherapy For Treatment Of Allergic Rhinitis And Asthma
Date: Mar-28-2013In an examination of a type of treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma that is used in Europe but not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, researchers found moderate strength in the evidence from previous studies to support the use of sublingual immunotherapy for the treatment of these conditions, according to an article in the March 27 issue of JAMA. Sublingual immunotherapy involves administration of aqueous allergens under the tongue for local absorption to desensitize the allergic individual over an extended treatment period to diminish allergic symptoms...
Certain Antibiotics May Provide Benefit For Treatment Of Respiratory Disorder, Although Increase Risk Of Antibiotic Resistance
Date: Mar-28-2013Among patients with the lung disorder non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, treatment with the antibiotic azithromycin or erythromycin resulted in improvement in symptoms but also increased the risk of antibiotic resistance, according to two studies appearing in the March 27 issue of JAMA. Bronchiectasis is characterized by abnormal widening of the bronchi (air tubes that branch deep into the lungs) and can cause recurrent lung infections, a disabling cough, shortness of breath, and coughing up blood...
Chelation Therapy May Result In Small Reduction Of Risk Of Cardiovascular Events, But Findings Do Not Support Routine Clinical Use
Date: Mar-28-2013Although chelation therapy with the drug disodium EDTA has been used for many years with limited evidence of efficacy for the treatment of coronary disease, a randomized trial that included patients with a prior heart attack found that use of a chelation regimen modestly reduced the risk of a composite of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but the findings do not support the routine use of chelation therapy for treatment of patients who have had a heart attack, according to a study in the March 27 issue of JAMA...
The Importance Of Sexual Agreements Among Gay Couples
Date: Mar-28-2013The majority of gay men in relationships say they establish a "sexual agreement" with their partner, primarily to prevent the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases, according to a University of Michigan study. Sexual agreements show promise for HIV prevention, but the down side is that only 57 percent of couples actually concur that they have agreements, says Jason Mitchell, assistant professor at the U-M School of Nursing. Further, among nearly half of the couples one or both men break their agreement, which outlines allowable sex-related behaviors in the relationship...
Discovery Of Novel Mechanism Regulating Replication Of Insulin-Producing Beta Cells For Diabetes Treatment
Date: Mar-28-2013Bringing scientists a step closer to new treatments for diabetes, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and The Mount Sinai Medical Center have discovered a novel mechanism that regulates the replication of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. The findings were recently published online ahead of print in Diabetes, a journal of the American Diabetes Association. Regenerating beta cells to restore insulin production has moved to center stage in the quest for therapies for both Type 1 and 2 diabetes, said lead author Nathalie Fiaschi-Taesch, Ph.D...
Unprecedented Efficacy Shown By Potential Chagas Vaccine Candidate
Date: Mar-28-2013Scientists are getting closer to a Chagas disease vaccine, something many believed impossible only 10 years ago. Research from the Sealy Center for Vaccine Development at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston has resulted in a safe vaccine candidate that is simple to produce and shows a greater than 90 percent protection rate against chronic infection in mice. In a paper published online in PLOS ONE, the researchers describe how they identified and tested potential Trypanosoma cruzi (also known as T...
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