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New Mutations Driving Malignant Melanoma Discovered
Date: Jan-28-2013Two new mutations that collectively occur in 71 percent of malignant melanoma tumors have been discovered in what scientists call the "dark matter" of the cancer genome, where cancer-related mutations haven't been previously found. Reporting their findings in the journal Science Express, the researchers from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Broad Institute said the highly "recurrent" mutations - occurring in the tumors of many people - may be the most common mutations in melanoma cells found to date...
Mining Genetic Data Once Considered 'Junk' For Clues About Cancer
Date: Jan-28-2013Genome sequencing data once regarded as junk is now being used to gain important clues to help understand disease. The latest example comes from the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital - Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, where scientists have developed an approach to mine the repetitive segments of DNA at the ends of chromosomes for insights into cancer. These segments, known as telomeres, had previously been ignored in next-generation sequencing efforts...
Preventing And Treating Kidney Disease In Those With Diabetes Could Save Lives
Date: Jan-28-2013One in every 10 Americans has diabetes, and a third or more of those with the condition will develop kidney disease. It may be possible to live a long and healthy life with diabetes, but once kidney disease develops, the risk of dying prematurely increases significantly, according to a study appearing in an upcoming issue of the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (JASN). The findings have significant clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease in people with diabetes...
Altered Connectivity In The Brain Network For Body Perception In The Brains Of Anorexics
Date: Jan-28-2013RUB researchers find altered connectivity in the brain network for body perception. The weaker the connection, the greater the misjudgement of body shape When people see pictures of bodies, a whole range of brain regions are active. This network is altered in women with anorexia nervosa. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging study, two regions that are important for the processing of body images were functionally more weakly connected in anorexic women than in healthy women. The stronger this "connection error" was, the more overweight the respondents considered themselves...
A Link Between Tissue Scarring And Cancer Metastasis
Date: Jan-28-2013What to fear most if faced by a cancer diagnosis is the spread of the cancer to other parts of the body. This process called metastasis accounts for over 90% of cancer patient deaths and therefore is a strong focus for cancer researchers. Researchers at BRIC, University of Copenhagen have shown that the enzyme Lysyl Oxidase (LOX) can create a "scarred" microenvironment that enhances cancer spreading. By blocking activity of the LOX enzyme, the researchers succeeded in significantly decreasing metastasis in a model of breast cancer...
Identifying Adolescent Sexual And Reproductive Health Priorities
Date: Jan-28-2013Quality sexual and reproductive health care is an essential component of public health. However, there are insufficient evidence-based policies related to adolescent sexual and reproductive health in low- and middle-income countries. In an effort to address the research gap, faculty from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health led a project to identify research priorities for adolescent sexual and reproductive health in these countries...
Gene's Role In Rheumatoid Arthritis Revealed; Discovery May Extend To Other Autoimmune Diseases
Date: Jan-28-2013University of Michigan research sheds new light on why certain people are more likely to suffer from rheumatoid arthritis - paving the way to explore new treatments for both arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. The new UMHS research in mice identifies how a specific group of genes works behind the scenes to activate the bone-destroying cells that cause severe rheumatoid arthritis, a debilitating health issue for millions of Americans...
During Meningococcal Sepsis, Pathogenic Bacteria Adhering To The Human Vascular Wall Triggers Vascular Damage
Date: Jan-28-2013Researchers at the Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC) have shown how adhesion of Neisseria (N.) meningitidis to human microvessels in a humanized mouse model leads to the characteristic cutaneous lesions of c. This work, published in the Open Access journal PLOS Pathogens, is an important demonstration of the direct role of adhesion, specifically Type IV pili mediated adhesion, plays in the development of the disease. Meningococcal sepsis is a rapidly developing and often fatal infection...
The Key To Personalized Treatment For Common Brain Tumors Lies In Their Genetic Landscape
Date: Jan-28-2013Nearly the entire genetic landscape of the most common form of brain tumor can be explained by abnormalities in just five genes, an international team of researchers led by Yale School of Medicine scientists report online in the journal Science. Knowledge of the genomic profile of the tumors and their location in the brain make it possible for the first time to develop personalized medical therapies for meningiomas, which currently are only managed surgically. Meningioma tumors affect about 170,000 patients in the United States...
Mothers Taking Immunosuppressant Drug Ok To Breast Feed
Date: Jan-28-2013Women taking the immunosuppressant tacrolimus can rest assured that breast feeding will not elevate their babies' exposure to the drug, according to a study appearing in an upcoming issue of the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (CJASN). The findings are good news for young women who have received an organ transplant in the past or who are taking the drug for other reasons...
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