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Stopping Smoking Reduces Risk Of Bacterial Pneumonia In People With HIV
Date: Jan-22-2013Bacterial pneumonia is one of the commonest and most serious infections occurring in people infected with HIV. A metanalysis of cohort and case control studies published in BioMed Central's open access journal BMC Medicine finds that current smokers with HIV were at double the risk of bacterial pneumonia than non-smoking counterparts, but that when people stopped smoking their risk was reduced. The metanalysis reanalysed the data of several thousand participants with HIV, from 14 studies based in USA, Europe and South Africa...
Learning The Alphabet Of Gene Control
Date: Jan-22-2013Scientists at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden have made a large step towards the understanding of how human genes are regulated. In a new study, published in the journal Cell, they identified the DNA sequences that bind to over four hundred proteins that control expression of genes. This knowledge is required to understand how differences in genomes of individuals affect their risk to develop disease...
Finding On Killer Cells Opens New Avenue For Combating AIDS, Cancer And Other Diseases
Date: Jan-22-2013A research team led by the La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology has discovered the mechanism that enables CD4 helper T cells to assume the more aggressive role of killer T cells in mounting an immune attack against viruses, cancerous tumors and other damaged or infected cells. The finding, made in collaboration with researchers from the RIKEN Institute in Japan, could enable the development of more potent drugs for AIDS, cancer and many other diseases based on using this mechanism to trigger larger armies of killer T cells against infected or damaged cells...
Synthetic Small Regulatory RNAs Used To Develop Microbial Cell Factories
Date: Jan-22-2013A new metabolic engineering tool that allows fine control of gene expression level by employing synthetic small regulatory RNAs was developed to efficiently construct microbial cell factories producing desired chemicals and materials Biotechnologists have been working hard to address the climate change and limited fossil resource issues through the development of sustainable processes for the production of chemicals, fuels and materials from renewable non-food biomass...
Researcher Leads Large Multicenter Gene Sequencing Study Of Neuroblastoma
Date: Jan-22-2013An extensive genomic study of the childhood cancer neuroblastoma reinforces the challenges in treating the most aggressive forms of this disease. Contrary to expectations, the scientists found relatively few recurrent gene mutation - mutations that would suggest new targets for neuroblastoma treatment. Instead, say the researchers, they have now refocused on how neuroblastoma tumors evolve in response to medicine and other factors...
Discovery Of 'Quadruple Helix' DNA In Human Cells Opens Up Possibilities For A New Generation Of Targeted Therapies For Cancer
Date: Jan-22-2013In 1953, Cambridge researchers Watson and Crick published a paper describing the interweaving 'double helix' DNA structure - the chemical code for all life. Now, in the year of that scientific landmark's 60th Anniversary, Cambridge researchers have published a paper proving that four-stranded 'quadruple helix' DNA structures - known as G-quadruplexes - also exist within the human genome. They form in regions of DNA that are rich in the building block guanine, usually abbreviated to 'G'...
One Form Of Neuron Turned Into Another In The Brain
Date: Jan-22-2013A new finding by Harvard stem cell biologists turns one of the basics of neurobiology on its head - demonstrating that it is possible to turn one type of already differentiated neuron into another within the brain. The discovery by Paola Arlotta and Caroline Rouaux "tells you that maybe the brain is not as immutable as we always thought, because at least during an early window of time one can reprogram the identity of one neuronal class into another," said Arlotta, an Associate Professor in Harvard's Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology (SCRB)...
Scientists Identify Epigenetic Changes That Referee Genetic Risk, May Promote Rheumatoid Arthritis
Date: Jan-22-2013In one of the first genome-wide studies to hunt for both genes and their regulatory "tags" in patients suffering from a common disease, researchers have found a clear role for the tags in mediating genetic risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an immune disorder that afflicts an estimated 1.5 million American adults. By teasing apart the tagging events that result from RA from those that help cause it, the scientists say they were able to spot tagged DNA sequences that may be important for the development of RA...
Men At 'High' Skeletal Risk Prior To Prostate Cancer Hormone Therapy Likely To Have More Fractures After Treatment
Date: Jan-22-2013Comprehensive Population-Based Study Conducted by Team at The Cancer Institute of New Jersey In what is believed to be the first study to describe the impact on men with a 'high' risk of bone fracture who are receiving long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer, new research from The Cancer Institute of New Jersey shows this population to have a higher fracture incidence following treatment completion. The findings, published in the latest online version of BJU International , also show that men who experienced a fracture had a 1...
Exposure To Conflict-Of-Interest Policies During Residency Reduces Rate Of Brand Antidepressant Prescriptions
Date: Jan-22-2013Psychiatrists who are exposed to conflict-of-interest (COI) policies during their residency are less likely to prescribe brand-name antidepressants after graduation than those who trained in residency programs without such policies, according to a new study by researchers from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania...
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