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Computer Modelling Sheds Light On How And When Vision Evolved
Date: Oct-31-2012The study, which used computer modelling to provide a detailed picture of how and when opsins evolved, sheds light on the origin of sight in animals, including humans. The evolutionary origins of vision remain hotly debated, partly due to inconsistent reports of phylogenetic relationships among the earliest opsin-possessing animals. Dr Davide Pisani of Bristol's School of Earth Sciences and colleagues at NUI Maynooth performed a computational analysis to test every hypothesis of opsin evolution proposed to date...
Why Antibiotics Prescribed For Chemotherapy Cause Kidney Failure
Date: Oct-31-2012Neutron scattering experiments have provided new insights into the origin of the side effects of an antifungal drug prescribed all over the world. The analysis conducted by scientists at King's College London and the Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble, and published in Scientific Reports, follows 40 years of debate and could help drug developers reduce these harmful complications. Wherever you are in the world, indoors or outdoors, the air you breathe contains fungal spores...
Protein Blocked That Plays Key Role In Lou Gehrig's Disease
Date: Oct-31-2012Scientists at the Gladstone Institutes and the Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered how modifying a gene halts the toxic buildup of a protein found in nerve cells. These findings point to a potential new tactic for treating a variety of neurodegenerative conditions, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's disease) - a fatal disease for which there is no cure. The Gladstone and Stanford scientists began their experiments independently before realizing that combining their efforts could strengthen their results...
Research Dispels Myth That Sudden Cardiac Arrests Happens Mainly During Sports
Date: Oct-31-2012It's a tragic news story that often makes headlines - a young, healthy, fit athlete suddenly collapses and dies of cardiac arrest while playing sports. Dr. Andrew Krahn of the University of British Columbia, presenting a study at the 2012 Canadian Cardiovascular Congress about sudden cardiac death in Ontario, suggests this is a problem that warrants attention, but says don't blame the sports. Reviewing coroners' reports, Dr. Krahn and a team of researchers found there were 174 cases of presumed sudden death in Ontario in 2008 in people aged two to 40 years...
News From The Annals Of Internal Medicine: Oct. 30, 2012
Date: Oct-31-2012Policy Paper: American College of Physicians Offers Performance Measurement Recommendations to Help Physicians Practice High Value Care Health care expenditures are projected to reach almost 20 percent of the United States' GDP by 2020. Many economists consider this spending rate unsustainable. Up to 30 percent, or $765 billion, of health care costs were identified as potentially avoidable - with many of these costs attributed to inappropriate or unnecessary services...
Cartilage Engineered From Pluripotent Stem Cells
Date: Oct-31-2012A team of Duke Medicine researchers has engineered cartilage from induced pluripotent stem cells that were successfully grown and sorted for use in tissue repair and studies into cartilage injury and osteoarthritis. The finding is reported online in the journal the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, and suggests that induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPSCs, may be a viable source of patient-specific articular cartilage tissue...
Accurate HIV Sensor Ten Times Cheaper Than Any Other
Date: Oct-30-2012Scientists have developed an ultra-sensitive sensor for doctors to detect viral infections, such as HIV, as well as cancers in their early stages, with the naked eye. The researchers, from Imperial College London, reported on their prototype sensor in Nature Nanotechnology. According to the authors, their sensor is ten times more sensitive at measuring biomarkers than anything available today for current gold standard practice. The sensors are extremely cheap and easy to use, and will be useful in countries where sophisticated equipment is in short supply...
New Strategy To Prevent Ear Infections From Recurring
Date: Oct-30-2012Recurrence of middle ear infection can be prevented by boosting levels of antimicrobial proteins that are already there, as well as eliminating bacteria's DNA The finding came from a team in The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital who set out to observe how an immune defense protein commonly found in the middle ear communicates with a structure that secures a community of bacteria. The bacterium is called nontypeable Haemophilus influenza (NTHI) and is responsible for a variety of diseases of both the lower and upper airways, such as middle ear infection...
Babies Born To Mothers After Bariatric Surgery Have Healthier Hearts
Date: Oct-30-2012Investigators have found that babies born to obese mothers who lost weight after bariatric surgery have less cardiovascular risk factors compared to siblings born before the surgery. The bodily changes and weight loss that occur as a result of the surgery, positively effect inflammatory disease-related genes in the offspring, according to new research presented at the Canadian Cardiovascular Congress, co-hosted by the Heart and Stroke Foundation and the Canadian Cardiovascular Society. The authors found that maternal obesity affects the genes of the offspring...
ALS Treatment Target Found With Help From Yeast
Date: Oct-30-2012With the help of baker's yeast, a tiny one-celled organism, scientists in the US say they have found a "chink in the armor" of the currently incurable disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. They suggest their finding offers a new target for therapies, bringing fresh hope to patients with a devastatingly cruel disorder that robs them of the ability to move, speak and in the end, breathe. The researchers write about their discovery in the 28 October online issue of Nature Genetics...
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