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Kinase Inhibitors To Speed Up The Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Generating Process

Date: Sep-27-2012
The process researchers use to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) - a special type of stem cell that can be made in the lab from any type of adult cell - is time consuming and inefficient. To speed things up, researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (Sanford-Burnham) turned to kinase inhibitors. These chemical compounds block the activity of kinases, enzymes responsible for many aspects of cellular communication, survival, and growth...

Treating Fragile X Syndrome Symptoms By Boosting Natural Marijuana-Like Brain Chemicals

Date: Sep-27-2012
American and European scientists have found that increasing natural marijuana-like chemicals in the brain can help correct behavioral issues related to fragile X syndrome, the most common known genetic cause of autism. The work indicates potential treatments for anxiety and cognitive defects in people with this condition. Results appear online in Nature Communications...

Identification Of Mechanism That Leads To Sporadic Parkinson's Disease Could Lead To Blood Test

Date: Sep-27-2012
Researchers in the Taub Institute at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) have identified a mechanism that appears to underlie the common sporadic (non-familial) form of Parkinson's disease, the progressive movement disorder. The discovery highlights potential new therapeutic targets for Parkinson's and could lead to a blood test for the disease. The study, based mainly on analysis of human brain tissue, was published in the online edition of Nature Communications...

Fly Neurons Could Reveal The Root Of Alzheimer's Disease

Date: Sep-27-2012
Although they're a common nuisance in the home, fruit flies have made great contributions to research in genetics and developmental biology. Now a Tel Aviv University researcher is again turning to this everyday pest to answer crucial questions about how neurons function at a cellular level - which may uncover the secrets of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Approximately 75 percent of the genes that are related to diseases in humans are also to be found in the fly, says Ya'ara Saad, a PhD candidate in the lab of Prof...

Link Between Exercise And Mental Health

Date: Sep-27-2012
We've heard it time and time again: exercise is good for us. And it's not just good for physical health - research shows that daily physical activity can also boost our mental health. But what actually accounts for the association between exercise and mental health? A new article in Clinical Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, explores whether certain psychosocial factors may help to explain the benefits of daily physical activity for adolescents' mental health...

Adults And Pregnant Women Should Be Screened For Alcohol Abuse, Says Task Force

Date: Sep-27-2012
In an attempt to tackle the growing problem of alcohol misuse, a draft recommendation on screening and behavioral counseling has been issued by the US Preventative Services Task Force (Task Force). Until October 22, the Task Force is welcoming comments from the public on this issue, which will all be taken into account before the concluding statement is released...

Impaired Protein Degradation Causes Muscle Diseases

Date: Sep-27-2012
When the "fire brigade" arrives too late Impaired protein degradation causes muscle diseases RUB researchers and international colleagues report in Brain New insights into certain muscle diseases, the filaminopathies, are reported by an international research team led by Dr. Rudolf Andre Kley of the RUB's University Hospital Bergmannsheil in the journal Brain. The scientists from the Neuromuscular Centre Ruhrgebiet (headed by Prof. Matthias Vorgerd) at the Neurological University Clinic (Director: Prof...

Novel Therapy Helps Ease Pain And Suffering For Sickle Cell Patients

Date: Sep-27-2012
Chronic, debilitating pain and potential organ failure are what approximately 100,000 sickle cell patients in the United States live with each day. Yutaka Niihara, M.D., M.P.H. - lead investigator at The Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (LA BioMed) and co-founder of Emmaus Medical, Inc., an LA BioMed spin-off company - is developing a low-cost, noninvasive treatment that helps provide relief for patients suffering from the debilitating effects of sickle cell disease. Dr...

Nanochains Mark Micrometastases For Early Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment

Date: Sep-27-2012
Malignant cells that leave a primary tumor, travel the bloodstream and grow out of control in new locations cause the vast majority of cancer deaths. New nanotechnology developed at Case Western Reserve University detects these metastases in mouse models of breast cancer far earlier than current methods, a step toward earlier, life-saving diagnosis and treatment. A team of scientists, engineers and students across five disciplines built nanochains that home in on metastases before they've grown into new tissues, and, through magnetic resonance imaging, detect their locations...

Pancreatic Stem Cells Successfully Differentiate Into Insulin Producing Cells In Mouse Model

Date: Sep-27-2012
In a study to investigate how transplanted islet cells can differentiate and mature into insulin-producing pancreatic cells, a team of Japanese researchers found that using a specific set of transcription factors (proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences) could be transduced into mouse pancreatic stem cells (mPSCs) using Sendai virus (SeV), a mouse influenza virus, as a carrier, or vector. The study is published in a recent issue of Cell Medicine [3(1)], now freely available on-line.* "Diabetes is one of the most serious and prevalent metabolic diseases," said study co-author Dr...