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NIH-Funded Analysis Estimates Effective PrEP Dosing To Minimize Risk Of HIV Infection For MSM
Date: Sep-17-2012Several large clinical trials have demonstrated that a daily oral dose of one or two antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV infection can prevent infection in an approach known as pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP. The level of protection, however, depends on taking the drugs regularly. For instance, the landmark iPrEx study found that overall, men who have sex with men (MSM) who received a daily dose of tenofovir plus emtricitabine (Truvada) had a 44 percent lower risk of HIV infection compared with those who received a daily placebo pill...
Light-Sensitive Moiety Added To Anesthetic Propofol Allowing Control Of Narcotic Effect By Light - May Treat Certain Eye Diseases
Date: Sep-17-2012In a new study, a light-sensitive moiety has been added to propofol, a commonly used anesthetic, allowing its narcotic effect to be controlled by light. The compound also offers a possible route to the treatment of certain eye diseases. Inhibitory neurotransmitters dampen the activity of neurons. This regulatory effect forms the basis for the action of many anesthetics. For example, propofol, a common anesthetic, interacts with receptors on neural cell membranes that normally bind the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)...
Cell Death Mystery Yields New Suspect For Cancer Drug Development - CIB1
Date: Sep-17-2012A mysterious form of cell death, coded in proteins and enzymes, led to a discovery by UNC researchers uncovering a prime suspect for new cancer drug development. CIB1 is a protein discovered in the lab of Leslie Parise, PhD , professor and chair of the department of biochemistry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The small calcium binding protein is found in all kinds of cells. Cassandra Moran, DO, was a pediatric oncology fellow at UNC prior to accepting a faculty position at Duke University. She is interested in neuroblastoma, a deadly form of childhood brain cancer...
Circumcisions With Herpes Infection Risk Now Need Parental Consent, New York City
Date: Sep-16-2012The circumciser will only be allowed to remove blood from the baby's penis with his mouth, in a type of Jewish circumcision ritual, if the parents say it is OK, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene has announced. This type of ritual circumcision is common in some ultra-Orthodox Jewish communities. Public health authorities in New York City say there is a risk of herpes infection for the child. The Panel, consisting of public health professionals and physicians said that removing blood with one's mouth poses a serious risk of transmitting disease...
Painless Laser Injection Could Replace Needle Jab
Date: Sep-16-2012Painless microjet injections powered by laser could one day replace jabs from hypodermic needles in delivering annual flu shots, vaccines and other medications, according to researchers at Seoul National University in South Korea, who write about the design of their Er:YAG laser microjet transdermal device and how they tested it on guinea pigs in the 15 September issue of Optics Letters. The device uses an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet, or Er:YAG, laser, to drive a tiny, precise stream of liquid drug with just the right amount of force...
Hopkins Scientists Discover How An Out-Of-Tune Protein Leads To Heart Muscle Failure
Date: Sep-16-2012A new Johns Hopkins study has unraveled the changes in a key cardiac protein that can lead to heart muscle malfunction and precipitate heart failure. Troponin I, found exclusively in heart muscle, is already used as the gold-standard marker in blood tests to diagnose heart attacks, but the new findings reveal why and how the same protein is also altered in heart failure. Scientists have known for a while that several heart proteins - troponin I is one of them - get "out of tune" in patients with heart failure, but up until now, the precise origin of the "bad notes" remained unclear...
Teachers, School Climate Key To Latino Immigrants' Academic Success
Date: Sep-16-2012Teachers and schools that value diversity have a big impact on the academic experiences of Latino immigrant children living in predominantly White communities. That's the finding of a new study by researchers at the University of Kentucky. The study appears in a special section of the September/October 2012 issue of Child Development on children from immigrant families. Children who had a teacher who valued diversity felt more positively about their ethnicity than children who had a teacher who felt uncomfortable with diversity, the study found...
Mixed Findings Emerge On Immigrant Families' Home Environments
Date: Sep-16-2012Despite often living in poor neighborhoods, immigrant Mexican mothers report few conflicts at home, support from spouses, and strong mental health. At the same time, these moms say they are less likely to read with their young children than native-born White mothers, stemming in part from comparatively low levels of education. Immigrant Chinese mothers, in contrast, report being more likely than native-born White peers to read with their young children, but more likely to report weaker mental health and greater household conflict...
Children's Health, Access To Care Differ By Parents' Immigrant Status
Date: Sep-16-2012Health is an important part of development, with links to how children do cognitively and academically, and it's a strong predictor of adult health and productivity. A new study of low-income families in the United States has found that children's health and access to health care services differ according to the immigrant status of their parents. The study, by researchers at Cornell University and the University of Chicago, is published in the journal Child Development, whose September/October 2012 issue has a special section on the children of immigrants...
Screening Technique Uncovers 5 New Plant Activator Compounds
Date: Sep-16-2012A new high-throughput screening technique developed by researchers at the RIKEN Plant Science Center (PSC) has been used to uncover five novel immune-priming compounds in Arabidopsis plants. Discovery of the compounds, which enhance disease resistance without impacting plant growth or crop yield, establishes the new technique as a powerful asset in the battle to protect crops from damaging pathogens. Plant activators, compounds that activate a plant's immune system in response to invasion by pathogens, play a crucial role in crop survival by triggering a range of immune responses...
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