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Rates Of Dementia In Underdeveloped Countries Are Double Than Previously Reported
Date: May-23-2012New estimates state that the incidence of dementia in middle-income countries may be the same as in higher-income countries, according to researchers in the UK. In addition, the team found that just like in developed countries, education offers substantial protection against dementia in less developed nations. The study is published Online First in The Lancet. Lead study author Martin Prince from King's College London said: "Our studies provide supportive evidence for the cognitive reserve hypothesis that better brain development can mitigate the effects of neurodegeneration in later-life....
Elderly Lung Cancer Patients May Live Longer With Chemotherapy And Radiation Together
Date: May-23-2012Elderly patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who take a daily dose of carboplatin (a chemotherapy drug), in addition to radiotherapy, live significantly longer than those who receive radiotherapy alone, say Japanese researchers. The study is published Online First in The Lancet Oncology. Shinji Atagi from Kinki-chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan, said: "[Until now] evidence supporting standard treatment with concurrent chemoradiotherapy was from clinical trials in which elderly, especially frail elderly patients, were under-represented. This trial is the first to...
Some Surgical Residents Not Well Rested
Date: May-23-2012The May edition of JAMA's Archives of Surgery reports that surgical residents are often exhausted during their awake-time. The study reports that medical errors are a worldwide problem, with increasing numbers of publications suggesting that fatigue could be a considerable contributing factor for medical errors. Frank McCormick, M.D., from the Harvard Combined Orthopedic Residency Program and Massachusetts General Hospital and his team decided to assess the sleeping and awake periods of 27 surgical residents by continuously recording their patterns with an actigraphy, a device that is worn...
New Drug To Fight Against Localized High-Risk Prostate Tumors
Date: May-23-2012Men with prostate cancer could significantly benefit from a recently approved hormone-depleting drug, according to results from a phase II clinical trial. The drug - abiraterone acetate (Zytiga(R)) - can help eliminate or almost eliminate tumors in many prostate cancer patients whose cancer has not yet metastasized. The study, conducted by researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in collaboration with other research centers, will be presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), June 1-5, in Chicago. In order to examine the effects of (Zytiga(R)) in...
Malaria Progress Threatened By Increasing Drug Resistance And Inadequate Treatment
Date: May-23-2012Although there has been considerable progress made in malaria control over the past 10 years, these global efforts are now under threat due to increasing drug resistance and inadequate treatment. According to the researchers, approximately 42% of malaria drugs examined in Southeast Asia were fake, while around 33% of antimalarial drugs in sub-Saharan Africa contained either too much or too little of the active ingredient. The study is published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases. Lead researcher of the study, Gaurvika Nayyar from the Fogarty International Center at the National Institutes of...
Prenatal Exposure To Pollution Harmful For Kids With Asthma
Date: May-23-2012The fact that air pollution, childhood lung growth and respiratory problems are associated with prenatal exposure has been shown in numerous studies in recent years. A new study that will be presented at the ATS 2012 International Conference in San Francisco now indicates that these prenatal exposures could pose a particular risk for children with asthma. Study leader, Amy Padula, PhD, a post-doctoral fellow at the University of California in Berkeley declared: "In this study, we found that prenatal exposures to airborne particles and the pollutant nitrogen dioxide adversely affect pulmonary...
Determining How Brain Acid Affects Brain Function
Date: May-23-2012A study by Iowa University neuroscientist John Wemmie, M.D., Ph.D. and published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) Early Edition reveals that elevated acidity or low pH-levels are associated with panic disorders, anxiety and depression and that changes in the brain's acidity are significant for normal brain activity. Wemmie, a UI associate professor of psychiatry says: "We are interested in the idea that pH might be changing in the functional brain because we've been hot on the trail of receptors that are activated by low pH. The presence of these receptors implies...
Healthy Brain Connections Keep Us Smart In Old Age
Date: May-23-2012Maintaining healthy nerve connections among distant brain areas may help keep us smart in old age, according to new research published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry this week. This brain "wiring" or white matter comprises billions of nerve fibers that carry signals around the various parts of the brain, and its condition affects our intelligence, for instance by influencing processing speed, conclude University of Edinburgh researchers in a study funded by the charity Age UK. The study found that older people with "robust brain wiring", or whose white matter is in good condition, can...
More Aggressive Papillary Thyroid Cancer Found In Obese Patients
Date: May-23-2012A review published Online First in the Archives of Surgery reveals that physicians see a greater number of obese patients with advanced stage and more aggressive forms of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Thyroid cancer cases in the U.S. are on the increase, with the higher incident rates due to PTC. However, the researchers state that although obesity is a recognized risk factor for various cancers, it remains unclear whether the higher risk of cancer is responsible for the increase or improved detection rates. They say: "Our study shows that those patients with increasing BMI have a...
Vigorous Physical Activity Reduces Risk Of Psoriasis
Date: May-23-2012Psoriasis is one of those poorly understood, autoimmune diseases that can cause a person misery. Red and white hues of scaly, patchy skin appear on the top layer of the skin, known as the epidermis. Research published Monday in Archives of Dermatology, a JAMA Network publication, shows how to reduce the risk of Psoriasis. It appears that vigorous activity can reduce the risk of the disease, which has been associated with type 2 diabetes, colon cancer, coronary artery disease and breast cancer. Researchers go on to say: "Our results suggest that participation in at least 20.9 MET (metabolic...
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